补中益气汤

◎方  名：补中益气汤（理气之剂）

   总  结：升阳补中

   编  号：001                                                                    

   组  成：白朮、黄耆、升麻、柴胡、人参、炙甘草、当归、陈皮                       

   主  治：1.治烦劳内伤，身热心烦，头痛恶寒，懒言恶食，脉洪大而虚。               

           2.或喘或渴，或阳虚自汗，或气虚不能摄血。                               

           3.或疟痢脾虚，外不能愈。                                               

           4.一切清阳下陷，中气不足之证。                                         

   加  减：(1)如血不足，加当归。                                                  

           (2)精神短少，加人参、五味。                                            

           (3)肺热欬嗽，去人参。                                                  

           (4)嗌干，加葛根。                                                      

           (5)头痛，加蔓荆子； 痛甚加川芎。                                       

           (6)脑痛加本、细辛。                                                  

           (7)风湿相搏，一身尽痛，加羌活、防风。                                  

           (8)有痰、加半夏、生姜。                                                

           (9)胃寒气滞，加青皮、蔻仁、木香、益智。                                

           (10)腹胀，加枳实、厚朴、木香、砂仁。                                   

           (11)腹痛，加白芍、甘草。                                               

           (12)热痛，加黄连。                                                     

           (13)能食而心下痞，加黄连。                                             

           (14)咽痛，加桔梗。                                                     

           (15)有寒，加肉桂。                                                     

           (16)湿胜，加苍朮。                                                     

           (17)阴火，加黄蘗、知母。                                               

           (18)阴虚，去升柴，加熟地、山茱、山药。                                 

           (19)大便秘，加酒煨大黄。                                               

           (20)欬嗽，春加旋覆、款冬； 夏加麦冬、五味； 秋加麻黄、黄芩； 冬加不去根节麻黄；天寒加干姜。                                     

           (21)泄泻，去当归，加茯苓、苍朮、益智。                                 

   归  经：足太阴阳明药也                                                         

   方  义：(1)肺者气之本，黄耆补肺固表为君。                                      

           (2)脾者肺之本，人参、甘草，补脾益气，和中泻火为臣。                    

           (3)白朮燥湿强脾，当归和血养阴为佐。                                    

           (4)升麻以升阳明清气，柴胡以升少阳清气，阳升则万物生，清升则阴浊降。    

           (5)加陈皮者，以通利其气。                                              

           (6)生姜辛温，大枣甘寒，用以和营卫，开腠理，致津液诸虚不足。            

           (7)先建其中，中者何？脾胃是也。                                        

   变化方：(1)本方除当归、白朮，加木香、苍朮，名调中益气汤，治脾胃不调，胸满肢倦，食少短气，口不知味，及食入反出。                          

           (2)本方加白芍、五味子，亦名调中益气汤，治气虚多汗，余治同前。          

           (3)本方加苍倍分，半夏、黄芩各三分，名参朮益胃汤，治内伤劳倦，燥热短气，口渴无味，大便溏黄。                                      

           (4)本方去白朮，加草蔻、神曲、半夏、黄蘗，名升阳顺气汤， 治饮食劳倦所伤，满闷短气，不思食，不知味，时恶寒。                  

           (5)本方加纱芩、神曲，名益胃升阳汤，治妇人经水不调，或脱血后食少水泻 。              

           (6)本方加黄蘗、生地，名补中益气加黄蘗生地汤，治阴火乘阳，发热昼甚， 自汗短气，口渴无味。                                                

           (7)本方加白芍、细辛、川芎、蔓荆，名顺气和中汤，治清阳不升，头痛恶风 ，脉弦微细。                                                          

           (8)本方加羌活、防风、细辛、川芎，名调荣养卫汤，治劳力伤寒，身痛，体 热，恶寒，微渴，汗出 ，身痛，脉浮无力。                                 

   来  源：东垣